{"id":10218,"date":"2022-09-13T15:36:06","date_gmt":"2022-09-13T15:36:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/?page_id=10218"},"modified":"2022-09-14T04:58:52","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T04:58:52","slug":"optical-material","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/index.php\/wiki\/optical-material\/","title":{"rendered":"Bubble and inclusion measurement in Optical Material"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:32;line-height:1.3;\"><h1>Bubble and inclusion measurement in Optical Material<\/h1><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Optical glass in general is nearly free of bubbles and inclusions compared to other technical glasses due to sophisticated production processes, which are optimized for low bubble content. Nevertheless, to specify an optical glass for a desired optical component, it is helpful to know the background on the generation of bubbles and inclusions and their impact on the application. This technical information gives an overview on the topics involved in the\u00a0selection of the right specification for bubbles and inclusions.<br \/>\nThe inclusion quality will be assessed by visual inspection. To visualize the bubbles and inclusions, the following measurement setup is used in general. The glass is placed on a black background and illuminated from the side. The glass is viewed from above by looking through it toward the black background. The bubbles and inclusions become visible as bright spots. This arrangement is very sensitive for the quantification of bubbles and inclusions. To determine the\u00a0sizes, either comparison standards or microscopes are used. The evaluation includes all bubbles and inclusions with dimensions \u22650.03 mm.<br \/>\nThe bubble content is expressed by the total cross section in mm2 in a glass volume of 100 ccm, calculated from the sum of the detected cross sections of bubbles. Additionally the maximum allowable quantity per 100 ccm is defined. The evaluation considers all bubbles and inclusions \u22650.03 mm.<br \/>\nInclusions in glass, such as stones or crystals, are treated as bubbles that have the same cross section. Typical maximum allowable total cross sections range from 0.03 to 0.006 mm2 per 100 ccm. The maximum quantity ranges from 10 per 100 ccm down to 2 per 100 ccm (bubbles larger than 0.3 mm).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload aligncenter size-fusion-600 wp-image-10220\" src=\"https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-600x298.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-600x298.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27298%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20600%20298%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27298%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-200x99.png 200w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-400x198.png 400w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-600x298.png 600w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-800x397.png 800w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-1024x508.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-1200x595.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material-1536x762.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Bubble-and-inclusion-measurement-in-Optical-Material.png 1570w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.szlaser.com\/index.php\/wiki\/nature-of-light\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">The nature of light &gt;<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":8230,"menu_order":82,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10218","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.7 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - 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